L'applicazione della Stimolazione Transcranica a Corrente Diretta (tDCS) nel trattamento dei disturbi cognitivi nel disturbo depressivo e nel disturbo bipolare
Parole chiave:
Disturbo Depressivo Maggiore, Disturbo Bipolare, transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, tDCS, Cognizione, Trattamento non farmacologicoAbstract
Il declino cognitivo è una condizione che incide in maniera rilevante sul funzionamento quotidiano e sulla qualità di vita dei pazienti con Disturbo Depressivo Maggiore (DDM) e dei pazienti con Disturbo Bipolare (DB). Per questo motivo, l’individuazione di un trattamento efficace nel recupero delle funzioni cognitive in queste condizioni psichiatriche è molto importante. La transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) è un trattamento non farmacologico che prevede la somministrazione di una corrente diretta a bassa intensità tramite degli elettrodi al fine di produrre una modulazione dell’eccitabilità corticale e, pertanto, potrebbe fornire una possibile soluzione a questa necessità. Numerosi studi hanno evidenziato l’efficacia dell’applicazione della tDCS nel recupero delle abilità cognitive in pazienti neurologici e psichiatrici. In particolare, le ricerche basate sull’uso di questo strumento nel potenziamento delle funzioni cognitive in soggetti con DDM e DB hanno mostrato risultati incoraggianti, ma ancora non conclusivi. Il presente studio è una revisione della letteratura realizzata con l’obiettivo di esplorare in maniera approfondita l’efficacia del trattamento con tDCS nel ridurre la gravità dei disturbi cognitivi nei pazienti con DMM e DB. I risultati hanno evidenziato che la tDCS, in combinazione o meno con programmi di training cognitivo e/o un adeguato trattamento farmacologico, è efficace nel migliorare alcuni domini cognitivi in questi pazienti.
doi: 10.53240/2024topic2.033.002
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