Emotional Sequelae Following Acquired Brain Injury: a Narrative Review
Keywords:
Acquired Brain Injury, Consequences, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, ReviewAbstract
Acquired brain injuries (ABIs), including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and strokes, frequently result in a wide range of emotional sequelae that profoundly impact patients' quality of life and social functioning. This narrative review examines the emotional consequences that often follow ABIs, including anxiety, depression, apathy, anhedonia, disinhibition, aggression, and deficits in theory of mind. Depression is mainly characterized by pervasive negative subjective feelings and emotional suffering, frequently accompanied by reduced motivation and a tendency to withdraw from daily activities. In contrast, anxiety involves heightened sensitivity to internal and external stimuli, leading to a persistent sense of tension and physiological arousal, which can also affect motivation. While apathy and anhedonia may share some overlap with motivational changes, they are distinct constructs: apathy is defined by emotional indifference and affective detachment, while anhedonia specifically refers to a diminished ability to experience pleasure or interest in previously enjoyable activities. Emotional dysregulation, such as increased irritability, aggression, and impulsive behavior, contributes to interpersonal conflicts and social isolation. Disinhibition can manifest as inappropriate social behaviors, further complicating social reintegration. Additionally, deficits in theory of mind, or the ability to understand others' emotions and perspectives, impair social interactions and relationships. This narrative review aims to highlight the pervasive and multifactored nature of emotional consequences following ABI. These emotional disturbances are often persistent and challenging, underlying the need for increased awareness and tailored rehabilitation programs, to enhance patients’ quality of life.
doi: 10.53240/2024topic3n4.0.001
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